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Q1— Section header —
1.1itot tube is used to measure fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy of the flowing fluid into potential energy. The fluid is stationary as it hits the end of the tube, and its velocity at this point is zero. The potential energy created is
1.1.1Prove from first principles that the velocity of flowable liquid as measured by using a pitot tube adheres to the flowing equation below V = C (7\
1.1.2Make ONE sketch to indicate the position of various pressure tappings relative to an orifice (6\
1.1.3State TWO advantages an d TWO disadvantages of a pitot tube (2 + 2\ (4\
1.2State THREE precautions when a nnubar is being used (3\
1.3Give THREE factors affecting flow rate (3\ 23
Q2— Section header —
2.1Discuss the construction and principle of operation of a variable area flow meter (5\
2.2How is the float of the r ota meter kept clean in the case of sticky fluids? (3\
2.3Density variations affect the calibration of the variable area flowmeter. What can be done to compensate for the changes in density? (2\
2.4Name the factors on which the type of flow in a pipe depends (4\ 14 TOTAL SECTION A: 37 (8080205\
Q3— Section header —
3.1Sketch differential head hydrometer and describe its working principle (10\
3.2Make a neat , labelled sketch of an infra red type absorption hygrometer (7\
3.3Viscosity can be measured by different viscometers
3.3Define viscosity (2\
3.3Name FOUR types of viscometers (4\
3.3Which unit is used to measure dynamic viscosity (1\ 24 TOTAL SECTION B:
Q4— Section header —
4.1Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Ch oose the answer and write only 'True' or 'F alse next to the question number (4.1.1
4.1.3in the ANSWER BOOK.
4.1.1The pH of a liquid solution is a measure of hydroge n ion activity
4.1.2A pH value less than 7 0 means that the solution is alkaline.
4.1.3
4.2Describe the process involved in the cleaning of PH electrodes (6\
4.3All materials that come into contact with the process liqu id must be chemically resistant at all measurement temperatures. State FOUR requirements of an ideal housing material for electrodes
4.4What is the main purpose of a reference electrode? (3\ 16 TOTAL SECTION C: 16 (8080205\
Q5— Section header —
5.1Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A E\next to the question number (5.1.1
1.7in the ANSWER BOOK.
5.1.1Deriva tive control action is used when controlling ..., but rarely used when controlling ...
5.1.2A/A achieve set point
5.1.3The reciprocal of proportional band is called eset
5.1.4Reset control action is often expressed in units of er cent
5.1.5A proportional band setting of 175% is equivalent to a gain setting 175
1.5.6Cascade control is characterised by special relay or function block to compensate for nonlinear process gain
5.1.7In a feedback control system the controller gets its input from oad variable
5.2Sketch a neat labelled block diagram of a feedback controller (9\ 23 TOTAL SECTION D: