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Q1— Section header —
1.1Indicate whether HARDWOOD or SOFTWOOD is more suitable for the manufactur ing of each of the following by writing only 'Hardwood' or
1.1.2\ the ANSWER BOOK.
1.1.1Photocopy pap er
1.1.2
1.2Explain how refiner plate design influences fibre and paper properties. (5\
1.3Discuss the design and operating parameters of centrifugal cleaners. (6\
1.4Explain the operating principles of Deinking cells. (3\
1.5The processing of broke is an integral part of paper machine operations. Discuss the methods of handling wet broke on a modern high speed paper machine. (5\ [21]21
Q2— Section header —
2.1.1What is the purpose of the tapered distribution header? (1\
2.1.2Make a labelled sketch of the distribution header and describe its operation. (4\
2.2Explain , with the aid of a drawing, how total head and headbox level can be controlled in air cushioned headboxes. (5\
2.3he layout of a twin wire forming section for a new high speed newsprint machine must be designed
2.3.1Draw a labelled diagram of the forming section show ing the chosen drainage equipment. (5\
2.3.2Give the reason for the select ion of each type of drainage equipment. (3\
2.4Foil blades are an essential component of all modern forming sections.
2.4.1Describe the principle of operation of the foil blade. (1\
2.4.2What adjustments can be made in order to improve water removal (2\
2.4.3Which factors must be considered when selecting foil blades (2\ [23] 110 2211423
Q3— Section header —
3.1Explain zeta potential and why it is important to the papermaking process. (3\
3.2Modern high speed paper machines place exceptionally high demands on retention and may require dual polymer programmes.
3.2.1What are the benefits of dual retention aid systems (2\
3.2.2Describe the application principles of dual polymer systems. (4\
3.3.1Describe the problems experienced on paper machine due to pitch. (2\
3.3.212
Q4— Section header —
4.1Make a labelled drawing of a three nip press section includ ing felts, showers, and the sheet run (8\
4.2Explain nip impulse and how it affect water removal in the press section. (2\
4.3Make a labelled diagram of the three stage ascade steam and condensate system and describe its operation. (9\ [19]19
Q5— Section header —
5.1Name and describe FOUR factors which influence starch pick up at size press.
5.2A well controlled winding operation is essential for the manufacture of good quality paper rolls. Explain how each of the following variables affect the
5.2.1Ride (3\
5.2.2Drum torque differential (3\
5.2.3Tension (1\ [11] 110 2211411
Q6— Section header —
6.1What is the definition of opacity and why is it important to the end user (2\
6.2Describe THREE factors which can influence opacity (3\ [5]5
Q7— Section header —
7.1Name all showers found on the ourdrinier section and the press section of a paper machine and state the purpose of each. (4\
7.2Doctor blades play an important role in improving paper machine runability by ensuring that all roll surfaces are free of contaminants which can accumulate during normal operation. Discuss doctor blade design, operation and maintenance.